Quasi-Algebras versus Regular Algebras - Part I

Starting from quasi-Wajsberg algebras (which are generalizations of Wajsberg algebras), whose regular sets are Wajsberg algebras, we introduce a theory of quasi-algebras versus, in parallel, a theory of regular algebras. We introduce the quasi-RM, quasi-RML, quasi-BCI, (commutative, positive implicative, quasi-implicative, with product) quasi-BCK, quasi-Hilbert and quasi-Boolean algebras as generalizations of RM, RML, BCI, (commutative, positive implicative, implicative, with product) BCK, Hilbert and Boolean algebras respectively. In Part I, the first part of the theory of quasi-algebras - versus the first part of a theory of regular algebras - is presented. We introduce the quasi-RM and the quasi-RML algebras and we present two equivalent definitions of quasi-BCI and of quasi-BCK algebras

Solid weak BCC-algebras

We characterize weak BCC-algebras in which the identity $(xy)z=(xz)y$ is satisfied only in the case when elements $x,y$ belong to the same branch

Interval valued (\in,\ivq)-fuzzy filters of pseudo BLBL-algebras

We introduce the concept of quasi-coincidence of a fuzzy interval value with an interval valued fuzzy set. By using this new idea, we introduce the notions of interval valued (\in,\ivq)-fuzzy filters of pseudo $BL$-algebras and investigate some of their related properties. Some characterization theorems of these generalized interval valued fuzzy filters are derived. The relationship among these generalized interval valued fuzzy filters of pseudo $BL$-algebras is considered. Finally, we consider the concept of implication-based interval valued fuzzy implicative filters of pseudo $BL$-algebras, in particular, the implication operators in Lukasiewicz system of continuous-valued logic are discussed

Self-Transforming Configuration Based on Atmospheric-Adaptive Materials for Solid Oxide Cells

Solid oxide cells (SOC) with a symmetrical configuration have been focused due to the practical benefits of such configurations, such as minimized compatibility issues, a simple fabrication process and reduced cost compared to SOCs with the asymmetrical configuration. However, the performance of SOCs using a single type of electrode material (symmetrical configuration) is lower than the performance of those using the dissimilar electrode materials (asymmetrical configuration). Therefore, to achieve a high-performance cell, we design a 'self-transforming cell' with the asymmetric configuration using only materials of the single type, one based on atmospheric adaptive materials. Atmospheric-adaptive perovskite Pr0.5Ba0.5Mn0.85Co0.15O3-delta (PBMCo) was used for the so-called self-transforming cell electrodes, which changed to layered perovskite and metal in the fuel atmosphere and retained its original structure in the air atmosphere. In fuel cell mods, the self-transforming cell shows excellent electrochemical performance of 1.10Wcm(-2) at 800 degrees C and good stability for 100 h without any catalyst. In electrolysis mode, the moderate current densities of -0.42A cm(-2) for 3 vol.% H2O and -0.62 A cm(-2) for 10 vol.% H2O, respectively, were observed at a cell voltage of 1.3V at 800 degrees C. In the reversible cycling test, the transforming cell maintains the constant voltages for 30 h at +/- 0.2A cm(-2) under 10 vol. % H2O

Antigen presentation deficiency, mesenchymal differentiation, and resistance to immunotherapy in the murine syngeneic CT2A tumor model

BackgroundThe GL261 and CT2A syngeneic tumor lines are frequently used as immunocompetent orthotopic mouse models of human glioblastoma (huGBM) but demonstrate distinct differences in their responses to immunotherapy.MethodsTo decipher the cell-intrinsic mechanisms that drive immunotherapy resistance in CT2A-luc and to define the aspects of human cancer biology that these lines can best model, we systematically compared their characteristics using whole exome and transcriptome sequencing, and protein analysis through immunohistochemistry, Western blot, flow cytometry, immunopeptidomics, and phosphopeptidomics.ResultsThe transcriptional profiles of GL261-luc2 and CT2A-luc tumors resembled those of some huGBMs, despite neither line sharing the essential genetic or histologic features of huGBM. Both models exhibited striking hypermutation, with clonal hotspot mutations in RAS genes (Kras p.G12C in GL261-luc2 and Nras p.Q61L in CT2A-luc). CT2A-luc distinctly displayed mesenchymal differentiation, upregulated angiogenesis, and multiple defects in antigen presentation machinery (e.g. Tap1 p.Y488C and Psmb8 p.A275P mutations) and interferon response pathways (e.g. copy number losses of loci including IFN genes and reduced phosphorylation of JAK/STAT pathway members). The defect in MHC class I expression could be overcome in CT2A-luc by interferon-γ treatment, which may underlie the modest efficacy of some immunotherapy combinations. Additionally, CT2A-luc demonstrated substantial baseline secretion of the CCL-2, CCL-5, and CCL-22 chemokines, which play important roles as myeloid chemoattractants.ConclusionAlthough the clinical contexts that can be modeled by GL261 and CT2A for huGBM are limited, CT2A may be an informative model of immunotherapy resistance due to its deficits in antigen presentation machinery and interferon response pathways